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This is not set up exactly how I wanted it, but I got impatient, I just haven't had enough time to do it right, but I wanted the info out there for everyone to enjoy. I will fix it up nice eventually... Note: Data tabularized by JT for the Armour Archive
All Information on this page was compiled by David A Counts. Let's hear a round of applause for him... This list is impressive, and it will only grow larger with time.
Culture/ TimePeriod |
Location/ of Find |
Pattern | Material | Ring Closure |
Wire Size |
Wire CrossSection |
Inside Diameter |
Outside Diameter |
(Unspecified) Diameter |
Comments/References |
Celtic Mid 4thC BC |
Hjortspring, Denmark | 4-in-1? | Iron? | - | - | - | 7mm Avg | N/A | N/A | Outside diameter range
4-10 mm. Mail from remains
of ~ a dozen shirts Ref #1 |
Celtic Late 4th - Early 3rdC BC |
Ciumesti, Romania | 4-in-1 | Iron | Butted + Solid (punched) | Butted: 1.2-1.4mm, Solid: 0.8-1.8mm | - | 6mm | 9mm Avg | N/A | From a mail shirt that
prob. had a Celtic mantle-style
shoulder defense. Ref-1
refers to only butted rings Ref #1, #2 |
Celtic, 3rd C BC | Ciumesti, Romania | 4-in-1 | Iron | Riveted + Solid (punched) | Est. 16ga | - | 5mm | 8mm | N/A | From a mail shirt. Compare
to other Ciumesti find Ref #2 |
Celtic 3rd C BC | Kirkburn, Yorkshire | - | - | Conflicting reports: Butted vs Riveted+Solid | 1.5 - 1.6 mm | - | - | 8.2 - 9.2 mm | N/A | From a mail shirt Ref #1 |
Belgo-Roman 1st C. BC - 1st C AD | Maiden Castle, Dorset | - | - | Butted | 1.0 - 1.3 mm | - | - | 7mm | N/A | Ref #1 |
Celtic, 15-10 BC | Lexden, Essex | - | Iron? | Riveted + Solid (welded) | 1.4 - 1.6 mm | Circular | - | 5.5 - 5.8 mm | N/A | Ref #1 |
Celtic, 20-35 AD | Baldock, England | - | Iron? | Riveted + Solid (welded?) | 1.2 - 1.3 mm | Circular | - | 4.8 - 5.0 mm | N/A | Ref #1 |
Celtic, 50 AD | St. Albans, Hertfordshire | 4-in-1? | Iron | Riveted + Solid(Welded?) | 1.5 - 1.6 mm | Circular | - | 6.8 - 7.1 mm | N/A | "Folly Lane" mail shirt find
Ref #1 |
Celtic, 50 AD | Stanwick, York | - | - | Butted | - | - | - | - | - | Ref #1 |
Celtic, Late 1st C BC - Early 1st C AD | Hayling Island, Hamshire | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Ref #1 |
Celtic, 1st Cent. AD | Tiefenau, Switzerland | 6-in-1 | Iron | Butted | 1 mm (~18 ga) | - | 11 mm | 13 mm | N/A | The ONLY 6-in-1 mail
shirt I have yet found;
assigned an earlier date
in reference #3
Ref #1, #3 |
Celto-Roman, 1st C AD | - | - | Iron? | Riveted + Solid (punched) | 8mm + 1.0x0.8mm | Circular and Rectangular (cut "wire" strip?) | - | 7.0 - 7.5 mm | N/A | Ref #1 |
Roman, c.50 AD | Baginton, Warwickshire | - | Bronze | Riveted + Solid (punched) | - | - | 3 mm | - | N/A | Ref #4 |
Roman, 1st Cent. AD (?) | Ouddorp, Holland | - | Bronze | - | - | - | 3 mm | - | N/A | This find bronze mail
served as the foundation
for a scale armour -
the "lorica plumata" ???
Ref #4 |
Roman, 1st C AD | Newstead | 4-in-1 | Bronze | Riveted + Solid (punched) | - | - | - | Riveted: 5mm, Solid: 3mm | N/A | Mail shirt used as foundation
for a scale armour … the
"lorica plumata" ???
Ref #4 |
Roman, c. 150 AD | Newstead | 4-in-1 | Iron | Riveted + Solid (punched) | - | - | - | 7mm | N/A | Mail shirt Ref #4 |
Roman, c. 150 AD | Saalburg | 4-in-1? | - | - | - | - | 4.0 - 7.0 mm | - | N/A | Mail shirt Ref #4 |
Germanic, 2nd-3rd C AD | Vimose | 4-in-1 ? | Iron? | - | - | - | - | - | 12 mm | Ref Wheeler (need to confirm |
Germanic, 3rd Cent. AD | Thorsbjorg, Schleswig | 4-in-1 ? | Iron? | Riveted and Solid | about 1mm | - | - | Riveted: 12mm, Solid: 10mm | N/A | Ref #1 |
Roman, c.250 AD | Kastell, Kunzing | 4-in-1 | Iron | - | - | - | I7.0 - 9.0 mm | - | N/A | Mail shirt Ref #4 |
Anglo-Saxon, c.750-775 AD | York, England | 4-in-1 | Iron | Riveted + Solid (welded) | 1.1 - 2.0 mm | - | 8 mm | - | N/A | attached to the lower
edge of the "Coppergate
Helmet" Ref Tweedle |
Western European, Early 16th C AD | - | 4-in-1 | Iron | Riveted | about 2mm | Flat | ~ 7mm | ~ 9mm | N/A | Part of a "gusset" or mail
defense attached to a padded
arming doublet worn beneath
plate armour; Measurements
taken from a photograph
Ref Laking |
European(?), Early 15th C AD (?) | - | 4-in-1 | Iron | Riveted | ~ 14 ga | Circular(?) | ~ 10 mm | ~ 13 mm | N/A | Measurements taken from
a photograph
Ref Laking |
Caucasus (?), 18th-19th C AD | - | 4-in-1 | Iron | Overlapped butted (Lg) + End-on butted (Sm) | ~14ga (Lg), ~16ga (Sm) | Circular? | 11mm Lg, 9mm Sm | 14mm Lg, 11mm Sm | N/A | Although Laking states
this mail was found in
the foundation of house
when it was destroyed and
assigns the mail to
14th C AD Europe, I believe
this overlapped butted mail
to be a later specimen from
the Caucasus; Measurements
from a photograph
Ref Laking |